영어교사 [684650] · MS 2016 (수정됨) · 쪽지

2020-06-10 18:00:58
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이보영쌤의 두 번째 칼럼 '통제: 자유, 자율, 주도권'

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이보영 쌤입니다.


이번 칼럼에서는 control에 대해 다뤄보겠습니다.



Control(통제권)은

1. 통제권을 가진 경우(have a control, within control)

2. 통제권을 잃은 경우(lost a control, out of control)

가 있습니다. 


우선 control 개념이 등장한 대표적 기출문제부터 보겠습니다. 



17년도 9평 32번

When people try to control situations that are essentially uncontrollable, they are inclined to experience high levels of stress. Thus, suggesting that they need to take active control is bad advice in those situations. What they need to do is to accept that some things are beyond their control. Similarly, teaching people to accept a situation that could readily be changed could be bad advice; sometimes the only way to get what you want is to take active control. Research has shown that when people who feel helpless fail to take control, they experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and depression. Like stress, these negative emotions can damage the immune response. We can see from this that health is not linearly related to control. For optimum health, people should be encouraged to take control to a point ________________________. [3점]

① but to yield to the situations within their control

② but to disregard immune response when stressed 

③ but to recognize when further control is impossible

④ and to fight against uncontrollable situations persistently

⑤ and to try harder to conquer uncontrollable stressful situations



위 지문은 사람들이 통제 불가능한 상황을 통제하려고 할 때 상당한 스트레스를 받으며, 통제권을 얻는 데 실패하면 불안과 우울함과 같은 부정적인 감정을 경험한다는 내용입니다. 최적의 건강을 위해선 통제할 수 있는 상황의 범위를 제대로 파악해야 한다고 하죠.


여기서 주목할 점은 ‘상황을 통제한다’ 는 것이 무슨 의미인지 파악하는 것입니다.


상황 속의 당사자가 자유로우며, 자율적이고, 그리고 결정의 주도권을 갖는 것으로 ‘통제’의 개념을 이해한다면


예를 들어

1. 실험실에서 변수를 잘 통제하여 실험의 신뢰도를 확보한다

2. 교실에서 문제상황이 발생하지 않고, 교사가 계획한대로 수업을 잘 이끌어간다

3. 식당에서 주문대로 음식을 서빙하고, 예약을 받을 여유가 있다.  

등등으로 해석할 수 있습니다. 


이를 적용하여 다른 문제들을 살펴보겠습니다. 


EBS 수능특강 영어 161P  4번 문제

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?


Many of those who oppose globalization reserve their highest loyalties to the sovereign state, which they believe exists to protect their interests. They argue that in democratic states, such as those in Europe and North America, citizens have a voice in determining their own fates but have little or no voice in the boardrooms of giant transnational corporations, remote international bureaucracies like the EU or WTO, or economic markets, and such institutions are not accountable to citizens. Thus, anti-globalizers argue, globalization has created a democratic  deficit by empowering institutions in which people have no voice and unleashing economic and cultural forces over which they have no control. Globalization, they believe, is  eroding the rights and capacity of people to determine their own future. The result is alienation and anxiety, as people’s lives are supported by remote forces beyond their control or understanding.


위 내용을 살펴보면 세계화로 인해 사람들이 스스로의 미래를 결정할 권리와 능력을 상실하고 있다고 합니다. 여기서 해당 능력을 그들의 자유(freedom)와 자율성(autonomy), 주도권(initiative) 으로 해석다면 지문을 좀 더 쉽게 이해할 수 있습니다.  



18년 6평 22번


It is a strategic and tactical mistake to give an offensive position away to those who will use it to attack, criticize, and blame. Since opponents will undoubtedly attack, criticize, and blame, anyway, the advantages of being proactive, airing one’s own “dirty laundry,” and “telling on oneself” are too significant to ignore. Chief among these advantages is the ability to control the first messages and how a story is first framed. That leaves others having to respond to you instead of the other way around. This approach is appropriately termed “stealing thunder.” When an organization steals thunder, it breaks the news about its own crisis before the crisis is discovered by the media or other interested parties. In experimental research by Arpan and Roskos-Ewoldsen, stealing thunder in a crisis situation, as opposed to allowing the information to be first disclosed by another party, resulted in substantially higher credibility ratings. As significant, the authors found that “credibility ratings associated with stealing thunder directly predicted perceptions of the crisis as less severe.” 



① necessity of being cooperative in a crisis situation

② importance of taking the initiative in managing a crisis

③ problem of creating false stories to save an organization

④ significance of remaining silent in strengthening credibility

⑤ advantage of improving the corporate image through media


위 지문은 ‘stealing thunder’ 라는 기법으로 약점이 폭로될 위기에 직면한 개인이나 단체가 해당이슈를 먼저 공개함으로써 대화의 주도권을 가져와 상황을 덜 심각하게 만든다는 내용입니다. 통제권을 언론에 뺏기지 않기 위해 먼저 손을 쓰는 것이죠. 디스패치에 공개되기 전에 먼저 인스타 등을 통해 연애사실을 공개하는 연예인들을 떠올리면 쉽습니다. 



18년 수능 33번


In the less developed world, the percentage of the population involved in agriculture is declining, but at the same time, those remaining in agriculture are not benefiting from technological advances. The typical scenario in the less developed world is one in which a very few commercial agriculturalists are technologically advanced while the vast majority are incapable of competing. Indeed, this vast majority _______________________ because of larger global causes. As an example, in Kenya, farmers are actively encouraged to grow export crops such as tea and coffee at the expense of basic food production. The result is that a staple crop, such as maize, is not being produced in a sufficient amount. The essential argument here is that the capitalist mode of production is affecting peasant production in the less developed world in such a way as to limit the production of staple foods, thus causing a food problem. [3점]

* staple: 주요한 ** maize: 옥수수 *** peasant: 소농(小農)

have lost control over their own production

② have turned to technology for food production

③ have challenged the capitalist mode of production

④ have reduced their involvement in growing cash crops

⑤ have regained their competitiveness in the world market


위 지문은 소수의 상업적 농부들은 진보된 기술의 혜택을 받는 반면에 다수의 (생계형) 농부들은 그들이 생산하는 작물에 대해서 통제권을 잃어버린다는 내용입니다.  농부가 통제권을 잃는 것을 작물을 선택할 자유, 주도권이 없는 것 등으로 이해하는 게 좋습니다.

정부에서 커피 농사를 짓는 농부들에게만 세금감면 혜택이나 보조금 등을 준다면, 농부들은 울며 겨자 먹기로 커피 농사를 지을 수 밖에 없겠죠. 그들에게 작물생산의 자유가 있다고 볼 수 없습니다. 


이처럼 control의 개념은 다양한 지문 속에 녹아있습니다. 통제권을 얻는 다는 것을 선택의 자유가 있고, 자율적으로 행동을 할 수 있으며, 주도적으로 상황을 이끌어간다는 걸로 이해하면 해당 영어지문을 좀 더 쉽게 파악할 수 있을 겁니다. 



다음 칼럼에서는 ‘기억과 정보과부하’에 대해 다뤄보겠습니다.



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